Experimentation From the Horses Mouth
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I have taken care to include whole quotes as I find them. Accordingly, if you pay attention you may find a sentence that if removed would have made the statement far more demeaning to certain people and to the activity of experimentation in general. Because I believe in keeping things in relative context though, I have avoided this entirely. Therefore, these statements are as issued.

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(25 Quotations)

• Dr. George Hoggan (Founder: Victorian Street Society - first vivisection society in England) - "We sacrificed daily from one to three dogs, besides rabbits and other animals, and after four years experience I am of the opinion that not one of these experiments on animals was justified or necessary. The idea of the good of the humanity was simply out of the question, and would be laughed at, the great aim being to keep up with, or get ahead of, one’s contemporaries in science even at the price of an incalculable amount of torture needlessly and iniquitously inflicted on the poor animals."

• Dr. Leroy Hood (University of Washington) – "The future of biology is really going to be [human] systems analysis."

• Dr. Tyler Jacks (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) – "One might expect that these animals [genetic engineered mice intended to grow cancer] would mimic human symptoms, not just the genetic mutations. In fact, that is usually the exception, not the rule [. . .] the genetic wiring for [cancer] growth control in mice and humans is subtly different [. . .] Animals apparently do not handle the drugs in exactly the same way the human body does."

• Dr. Stephen Kaufman, M.D. (New York University Medical Center) - "I have no use for Draize test data because the rabbit eye differs from the human eye ... I know of no case in which an ophthalmologist used Draize data to assist in the care of a patient."

• Dr. Richard Klausner (National Cancer Institute) – "The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse. We have cured mice of cancer for decades, and it simply didn’t work in humans."

• Dr. Hugo Knecht (Ear, Nose, Throat and Chest Specialist) - "Doctors who speak out in favour of vivisection do not deserve any recognition in society, all the more so since their brutality is apparent not only during such experiments, but also in their practical medical lives. They are mostly men who stop at nothing in order to satisfy their ruthless and unfeeling lust for honours and gain."

• The Lancet (1952) – "Warning is given not to carry over, without reservation, to man, the conclusions based on animal experiments. In monkeys none of the powerful carcinogens [cancer causing agents] has been shown to produce cancers."

• Dr. Louis Lasagna (University of Rochester) – "To believe that by “simply doing enough animal testing will predict all human toxicity" is a "pathetic illusion."

• John Leavitt (Linus Pauling Institute) – "The Pauling Institute decided to explore the mechanism of carcinogenesis with an emphasis on human cells rather than on the cells of animals. Only recently have we begun to realize the significance of this intuitive premise that human cancer, while fundamentally the same rodent cancer, may have critical mechanistic differences which may in turn require different, uniquely human approaches to cancer eradication."

• Dr. MacLennan and Dr. Amos (Clinical Sciences Research Ltd., U.K. Cosmetics and Toiletries Manufacturers and Suppliers, 1990; XVII:24) – "There is no doubt that the best test species for man is man. This is based on the fact that it is not possible to extrapolate animal data directly to man, due to interspecies variation in anatomy, physiology and biochemistry."

• Medical News Tribune - "Much of the experimental animal work on atheroma [atherosclerosis of coronary heart disease] has held back our progress rather than advancing it."

• Dr. E. J. H. Moore – "The pressure on young doctors to publish and the availability of laboratory animals have made professional advancement the main reason for doing animal experiments."

• Dr. S. Neff (New England Medical Center) – "The repeated failure of laboratory proven stroke therapies in humans can be due only to the inapplicability of animal models to human cerebral vascular disease."

• Linus Pauling, PhD (two time recipient of the Nobel Prize) – "Everyone should know that most cancer research is largely a fraud, and that the major cancer research organizations are derelict in their duties to the people who support them."

• Marvin Pollard (Former President: American Cancer Society) – "We have relied too heavily on animal testing, and we believed in it too strongly. Now, I think we are commencing to realize that what goes on in an animal may not necessarily be applicable to humans."

• Dr. Prentice (University of Nebraska) – "We approved a xenoperfusion protocol at my institution [. . .] and quite frankly we didn’t know what were doing."

• Dr. Albert Sabin (creator of Polio Vaccine) – "The cancer research bodies cause pain and suffering to hundreds of thousands of animals every year by inducing in the animals, through chemicals or irradiation, larger cancerous growth in their bodies and in their limbs. Giving cancer to laboratory animals has not and will not help us to understand the disease or to treat those persons suffering from it [. . .] Laboratory cancers have nothing in common with natural human cancers. Tumorous cells are not unrelated to the organism that produced them. Human cancers are greatly different from artificial tumors caused by the experimenters in the laboratories."

• Dr. Philippe Shubik (University of Nebraska) – "Clearly, right now our animal models are totally and absolutely inadequate to answer all the obvious questions before us."

• Dr. Luigi Sprovieri (Co-inventor: cardiopulmonary bypass machine) – "Biomedical research does not need animals any more, but should use computers. It is pointless and even dangerous to continue following the traditional paths, for the difference between man and animals is so great that it mostly leads us into error."

• Dr. Guilio Tarro – "I have finally come to the conclusion that no serious importance can be attached to any laboratory experiments on animals in the study of analgesics (pain medication), for the results cannot in any circumstances be extrapolated to human beings."

• Dr. William M. Upholt – "extrapolation (from animals to humans) is unscientific…"

• Dr. Arnold D. Welch (Department of Pharmacology: Yale University School of Medicine; Responses in Man) – "In part because of possible major differences in responses to drugs in animals and man, the knowledge gained from studies in animals I soften not pertinent to human beings, will almost certainly be inadequate, and may even be misleading."

• Dr. Weiss – "It is the fear of triggering a new human epidemic [. . .] that has led to a call for a moratorium on xenotransplantation of animal tissues into humans."

• J.P. Whisnant (Vivisector) – "For the most part, these studies [animal models] have tended to lag behind clinical and pathologic-anatomic investigation and too frequently have served as confirmatory work after clinical impressions have been virtually accepted [. . .] It is obvious at the outset, that investigations with laboratory animals can not be directly related to human disease. No experimental animal has an entirely comparable cerebrovascular supply to that of man."

• Kathryn C. Zoon (Federal Drug Administration) – "Public awareness and understanding of xenotransplantation is vital because infectious disease risks posed by cross-species transplantation [. . .] go to the public at large."

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